Understanding Constipation: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment

Constipation occurs when bowel movements become infrequent or difficult to pass. If you have fewer than three bowel movements per week, you may be constipated. While occasional constipation is common, persistent symptoms may require medical attention.

Common Symptoms of Constipation

Fewer than three bowel movements per week
Hard, dry, or lumpy stools
Straining during bowel movements
Feeling like not everything has passed
Bloating, cramps, or stomach discomfort
Feeling that the rectum is blocked

What Causes Constipation?

Constipation can result from diet, lifestyle, or underlying medical conditions. Common causes include:

Low fiber intake – Not eating enough fruits, vegetables, or whole grains.
Dehydration – Not drinking enough water.
Lack of physical activity – Sedentary lifestyles slow digestion.
Ignoring the urge to go – Holding in bowel movements can worsen constipation.
Medications – Certain painkillers, antidepressants, antihistamines, blood pressure medications, and iron supplements.
Medical conditions – IBS, diabetes, hypothyroidism, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, diverticulitis, and colorectal cancer.
Pregnancy – Hormonal changes and pressure from the baby can slow digestion.
Stress and mental health conditions – Anxiety and depression can impact digestion.

Who is at Risk for Constipation?

Older adults – Digestion slows with age.
People assigned female at birth – Hormonal changes during pregnancy, menopause, or menstrual cycles.
People with low physical activity – Lack of exercise weakens digestive function.
Those on certain medications – Painkillers, antacids, and antidepressants.
Individuals with underlying conditions – Diabetes, neurological diseases, or intestinal disorders.

Effective Remedies for Constipation

If you’re constipated, lifestyle changes can help:

Drink more water – Aim for 8+ glasses per day.
Increase fiber intake – Eat fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes.
Exercise regularly – Movement stimulates digestion.
Eat probiotic-rich foods – Yogurt, kefir, and fermented foods can help.
Avoid processed foods – Reduce white bread, pasta, and fried foods.
Don’t ignore the urge to go – Respond when nature calls.
Use proper toilet posture – Elevate your feet or squat slightly.
Consider fiber supplements – Metamucil®, MiraLAX®, Citrucel®, or Benefiber®.
Limit caffeine and alcohol – These can dehydrate you.

Medical Treatments for Constipation

If lifestyle changes don’t work, your doctor may recommend:

Laxatives – Fiber supplements, stool softeners, osmotic agents (MiraLAX®), or stimulant laxatives.
Suppositories or enemas – Help soften stool quickly.
Prescription medications – Such as Lubiprostone (Amitiza®), Linaclotide (Linzess®), or Prucalopride (Motegrity®).
Treating underlying conditions – IBS, diabetes, thyroid issues, or neurological disorders.
Surgery – For severe cases caused by intestinal blockages or structural issues.

When to See a Doctor for Constipation

Seek medical help if: You have constipation for more than 3 weeks.
You experience severe stomach pain.
You notice blood in your stool.
You have unexplained weight loss.
You cannot pass gas or stool at all.
Your stool suddenly changes in size, shape, or consistency.

Where to Get Medical Help for Constipation

For in-person medical care, visit:

1. Paris: American Medical Center Paris

16 Avenue du Colonel Bonnet, 75016 Paris
Visit the website

2. Budapest: Expat Medical

Visit the website

3. Berlin: Arztbesuche

Visit the website

For telehealth services and online doctor consultations, visit TravelDoctor EU. Learn more: What We Treat.

For telehealth services in Argentina & Mexico, visit Travel Doctor ES.

For additional medical information, visit Hopkins Medicine.

FAQ: Constipation

1. How long can constipation last?
Occasional constipation may last a few days, while chronic cases persist for weeks or months.

2. What foods help relieve constipation?
High-fiber foods such as prunes, bran cereal, apples, and leafy greens.

3. Can stress cause constipation?
Yes! Stress and anxiety can slow digestion and lead to constipation.

4. Are laxatives safe for long-term use?
Occasional use is fine, but long-term reliance can weaken bowel muscles. Consult a doctor for alternatives.

5. Can I consult a doctor online for constipation?
Yes! TravelDoctor EU offers telehealth consultations for constipation and digestive concerns.

Summary: Key Takeaways

Constipation is common but treatable – Lifestyle changes often help.
Causes include diet, dehydration, inactivity, and medical conditions.
Remedies include fiber, water, exercise, and probiotics.
See a doctor if symptoms persist for more than 3 weeks or are severe.
Medical care is available at American Medical Center Paris, Expat Medical Budapest, and Arztbesuche Berlin.
TravelDoctor EU offers telehealth consultations for quick medical advice.
Travel Doctor AI Symptom Checker: Online symptom assessment (not for emergencies).