Sunburn: Prevention, Treatment & Risks

Sunburn occurs when the skin is overexposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, leading to redness, irritation, peeling, and long-term damage. Beyond discomfort, repeated sunburns increase the risk of skin cancer, premature aging, and hyperpigmentation.

What Causes Sunburn?

Sunburn occurs when UVA and UVB rays damage skin cells. The severity depends on: ✔ Skin type – Lighter skin burns more quickly, but all skin tones are susceptible. ✔ Sun intensity – Strongest between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.. ✔ Duration of exposure – Longer time in the sun increases risk.

Symptoms of Sunburn

✔ Red, painful skin – Can appear within a few hours of exposure. ✔ Swelling and blisters – Severe burns may develop fluid-filled blisters. ✔ Flu-like symptoms – Fever, chills, nausea, headache, and fatigue. ✔ Skin peeling and itching – Occurs a few days after the burn as damaged skin sheds.

How to Treat Sunburn at Home

✔ Apply cold compresses – A cool bath can also reduce inflammation. ✔ Use aloe vera gel – Soothes and hydrates sun-damaged skin. ✔ Take NSAIDs – Ibuprofen or naproxen helps reduce swelling and pain. ✔ Stay hydrated – Drink plenty of water to combat dehydration. ✔ Moisturize – Use alcohol-free lotions to prevent excessive drying and peeling. ✔ Avoid further sun exposure – Stay indoors until healing is complete.

🚨 Seek medical attention if you experience: ✔ Fever above 102°F (39°C). ✔ Severe pain, nausea, or dizziness. ✔ Blisters covering more than 20% of your body. ✔ Signs of dehydration (dry mouth, extreme fatigue, confusion).

How to Prevent Sunburn

✔ Wear sunscreen – Use a broad-spectrum SPF 30+ sunscreen that protects against UVA & UVB. ✔ Reapply every 2 hours – More often if swimming or sweating. ✔ Avoid peak sun hours – 10 a.m. - 4 p.m. is the riskiest time. ✔ Wear protective clothing – Long-sleeved shirts, wide-brimmed hats, sunglasses. ✔ Seek shade – Reduce direct sun exposure whenever possible. ✔ Be mindful of medications – Some antibiotics and skincare treatments increase sun sensitivity.

Long-Term Risks of Sunburn

✔ Skin cancer risk – Melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. ✔ Premature aging – Wrinkles, fine lines, and sunspots. ✔ Hyperpigmentation – Uneven dark patches or discoloration.

Where to Get Medical Help for Sunburn?

For in-person consultations, visit:

1. Paris: American Medical Center Paris

📍 16 Avenue du Colonel Bonnet, 75016 Paris
Visit the website

2. Budapest: Expat Medical

📍 Visit the website

3. Berlin: Arztbesuche

📍 Visit the website

For telehealth consultations, visit TravelDoctor EU. Learn more: What We Treat.

For telehealth in Argentina & Mexico, visit Travel Doctor ES.

For more medical information, visit Hopkins Medicine.

FAQ: Sunburn

1. How long does sunburn last?
✔ Mild burns heal in 3-5 days, while severe burns can take up to two weeks.

2. Can darker skin get sunburned?
✔ Yes! While darker skin may not show redness, UV damage still occurs.

3. Is peeling skin after sunburn normal?
✔ Yes, peeling is the body’s way of shedding damaged skin cells.

4. Does sunburn cause permanent skin damage?
✔ Repeated sunburns increase skin cancer risk and accelerate aging.

5. Can I consult a doctor online for sunburn?
✔ Yes! TravelDoctor EU offers telehealth consultations for sunburn treatment.

Summary: Key Takeaways

✔ Sunburn results from UV exposure – Causes skin damage, pain, and long-term risks.
✔ Symptoms range from redness to severe blisters and flu-like effects.
✔ Treatment includes cool compresses, aloe vera, hydration, and NSAIDs.
✔ Prevent sunburn with sunscreen, protective clothing, and shade.
✔ Seek medical help for severe burns or dehydration symptoms.
✔ [American Medical Center Paris, Expat Medical Budapest, and Arztbesuche Berlin] provide in-person care.
✔ TravelDoctor EU offers telehealth consultations.