Understanding Rhinitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

What is Rhinitis?

Rhinitis is a condition that causes nasal congestion, sneezing, a runny nose, and itching. It occurs when inflammation affects the nasal passages and can also impact the eyes, ears, and throat.

There are different types of rhinitis, including:

• Acute rhinitis – Often caused by viral infections like the common cold.

• Allergic rhinitis (hay fever) – Triggered by allergens such as pollen, dust, or pet dander.

• Non-allergic rhinitis – A year-round condition caused by irritants like smoke, strong odors, or temperature changes.

What Causes Rhinitis?

The most common causes of rhinitis include: Airborne allergens – Pollen, dust mites, mold, cockroach waste, and pet dander. Environmental factors – Smoke, strong odors, fumes, and temperature changes. Hormonal changes – Pregnancy or thyroid disorders. Medications – Overuse of nasal sprays or side effects from certain drugs. Underlying conditions – Asthma or frequent infections. Certain foods – Spicy foods and alcohol can trigger symptoms.

Who is at Risk for Rhinitis?

People with asthma are more likely to develop rhinitis, as both conditions involve airway inflammation. Chronic nasal congestion can worsen asthma symptoms by making it harder to breathe through the nose, leading to mouth breathing that bypasses the body's natural air filtration system.

Symptoms of Rhinitis

Rhinitis symptoms can vary but often include: Sneezing and nasal congestion. Runny nose with clear discharge. Itchy nose, throat, eyes, and ears. Nosebleeds. Chronic ear infections. Snoring and mouth breathing. Fatigue due to poor sleep quality

How is Rhinitis Diagnosed?

A healthcare provider will diagnose rhinitis based on a physical exam and medical history. Key signs include:

• Dark circles under the eyes (“allergic shiners”)

• Creases under the eyes

• Swollen nasal tissues

• Mouth breathing patterns

Treatment for Rhinitis

The best way to manage rhinitis is by avoiding known triggers. Treatment options include: Antihistamines – Reduce allergic reactions and itching. Nasal sprays – Steroid or saline sprays help with inflammation and congestion. Decongestants – Provide temporary relief but should not be overused. Allergy shots (immunotherapy) – Help desensitize the immune system to allergens. Medications for asthma symptoms – Help manage respiratory issues. Surgery – In severe cases, procedures may be needed to correct nasal obstructions.

Can Rhinitis Be Prevented?

Preventive measures include: Avoiding allergens – Stay away from dust, mold, and pet dander. Environmental controls – Use air purifiers and keep windows closed during pollen season. Proper hygiene – Wash hands frequently and use saline sprays to clear allergens from nasal passages. Dietary adjustments – Avoid known food triggers like spicy foods.

FAQs About Rhinitis

1. Is rhinitis contagious?
No, allergic and non-allergic rhinitis are not contagious. However, acute rhinitis caused by a viral infection (like the common cold) can spread.

2. Can rhinitis lead to complications?
Yes, untreated rhinitis can result in chronic sinus infections, ear infections, and worsened asthma symptoms.

3. How long does rhinitis last?
Acute rhinitis usually resolves within 1-2 weeks. Chronic rhinitis can last for months or be lifelong if not properly managed.

4. What is the difference between allergic and non-allergic rhinitis?
Allergic rhinitis is triggered by allergens like pollen, while non-allergic rhinitis is caused by irritants such as smoke or temperature changes.

5. When should I see a doctor?
If symptoms persist for more than 10 days, worsen, or interfere with daily life, consult a doctor for further evaluation and treatment.

Consult a Doctor Online for Rhinitis

If you’re experiencing persistent rhinitis symptoms, a telehealth consultation can help. Visit TravelDoctor EU to speak with a qualified healthcare provider from the comfort of your home. For a full list of conditions treated, check What We Treat. In-person visits are available in select cities.

For further reading on rhinitis and treatment options, visit Mayo Clinic.