Menopause: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment, and Health Risks

Menopause is a natural biological process that marks the end of a woman’s menstrual cycle due to declining estrogen levels. While menopause is a normal transition, its symptoms can impact daily life. Fortunately, lifestyle changes and medical treatments can help manage symptoms effectively.

For telehealth consultations or in-person menopause care, visit TravelDoctor EU. Learn more about treatment options at our conditions page. For additional insights, check out WebMD.

What Is Menopause?

Menopause occurs when menstrual cycles permanently stop, typically between the ages of 45 and 55. The average age for menopause in the UK is 51.

Perimenopause – The transitional phase before menopause when periods become irregular, and symptoms begin. Postmenopause – Begins 12 months after the last period, marking the end of reproductive years. Premature Menopause – Occurs before age 40. Early Menopause – Occurs between ages 40-45.

Common Symptoms of Menopause

Symptoms vary from mild to severe and can affect the menstrual cycle, mental health, and physical well-being.

1. Menstrual Changes

Irregular periods (shorter or longer cycles)
Lighter or heavier bleeding
Periods stopping permanently

2. Mental Health Symptoms

Mood swings, anxiety, depression
Brain fog and difficulty concentrating
Low mood and emotional changes

3. Physical Symptoms

Hot flashes & night sweats
Sleep disturbances & fatigue
Weight gain
Vaginal dryness & painful intercourse
Reduced libido
Joint pain, muscle aches & headaches

What Causes Menopause?

Menopause is caused by a decline in estrogen production. Estrogen is crucial for:

Bone health
Regulating the menstrual cycle
Supporting heart and brain function

As estrogen levels drop, symptoms develop, and the risk of certain health conditions increases.

How Is Menopause Diagnosed?

Women over 45 – Diagnosed based on symptoms.
Women under 45 – May require a blood test to check hormone levels.

If symptoms affect daily life, seek medical guidance at TravelDoctor EU.

How to Manage Menopause Symptoms

Lifestyle Changes

• Regular exercise to support bone and muscle health

• Calcium & vitamin D-rich diet for bone strength

• Hydration & light clothing to ease hot flashes

• Reducing caffeine & alcohol intake

• Good sleep hygiene for better rest

• Stress reduction techniques (yoga, meditation)

Medications

• Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) to replace estrogen

• Antidepressants for low mood & anxiety

• Vaginal creams for dryness & discomfort

• Clonidine & gabapentin for hot flashes

• Testosterone to improve low libido
  

Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT)

HRT replaces lost estrogen, helping to relieve hot flashes, bone loss, and mood swings.

Forms of HRT:

• Tablets

• Patches

• Gels or sprays

• Implants
  

Combined HRT (Estrogen & Progesterone)

• If you still have your uterus, progesterone is needed to protect against uterine lining growth.

• Forms: Tablets, patches, or an intrauterine system (IUS) (coil).
  

Risks of HRT

• Slight increase in breast cancer risk (especially with combined HRT)

• Slightly higher risk of blood clots with oral HRT

Consult a GP to discuss benefits and risks before starting HRT.

How Long Does Menopause Last?

Menopause symptoms can last months to years after periods stop. Some women experience symptoms well into postmenopause.

When Should You Seek Medical Help?

If symptoms interfere with daily life
If you're considering HRT
For osteoporosis or heart disease prevention
If menopause occurs before 40 (premature menopause)

Book a doctor’s consultation today at TravelDoctor EU.

Other Health Risks Associated With Menopause

Osteoporosis (bone loss) – Higher risk of fractures
Heart disease & stroke – Lower estrogen affects cholesterol & blood vessels
Urinary incontinence – Weakening of pelvic muscles

Preventative Measures: Weight-bearing exercises & vitamin D intake for bone health
Heart-healthy diet & regular check-ups
Pelvic floor exercises to improve bladder control

Summary: Key Takeaways

Menopause is a natural process occurring between 45-55 years.
Common symptoms include hot flashes, mood swings, and vaginal dryness.
Lifestyle changes & medical treatments can help manage symptoms.
HRT is effective but comes with some risks—speak to a doctor.
Seek medical advice if symptoms are severe or affect daily life.

FAQs About Menopause

1. What age does menopause usually start?
Menopause typically begins between 45-55 years, with 51 as the average age.

2. How do I know if I'm going through menopause?
Symptoms like irregular periods, hot flashes, mood swings, and vaginal dryness indicate menopause.

3. Can menopause cause anxiety and depression?
Yes, hormonal changes can lead to mood swings, anxiety, and low mood.

4. What is the best treatment for menopause symptoms?
HRT is highly effective, but lifestyle changes and medications can also help.

5. Does menopause increase my risk of osteoporosis?
Yes, low estrogen weakens bones—take calcium, vitamin D, and exercise regularly.

Get Expert Menopause Support Today!

• Need a doctor’s consultation? Book a telehealth visit at TravelDoctor EU.

• Want to learn more about menopause treatments? Visit WebMD.

• Looking for treatment options? Explore conditions treated.

Take control of menopause symptoms with the right medical guidance!